![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/EM3Z5J5GVKL4M3EKXOKVP6UNDU.jpg?smart=true&auth=bcc7955e8efb7300e1f014fc03d75be6ca094fc9f186c219520716fe5969393f&width=400&height=225)
A nurse holds up a vial of Cuba's Abdala vaccine in Havana. Cuba is likely to seek export contracts for its vaccines. EPA-EFE
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/2CTIBQDSWWR6EAZSMDPL5HMZKA.jpg?smart=true&auth=06391d1149bbd1a4dcf1429866c91441010a5b82cf727052ebf86c9a7a67b6a6&width=400&height=225)
A nurse prepares a domestically produced Soberana 2 vaccine at the Heroes del Corinthia polyclinic in Havana, Cuba. EPA-EFE
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/C7YNPT3KCHIIUOMDLBGS3755FY.jpg?smart=true&auth=7a23c006fbc6d2cf749f7bed7cdac1c53abf39f92ab4b33a8cdae7c2c84d37ec&width=400&height=225)
Sao Paulo Governor Joao Doria shows the ButanVac vaccine candidate against Covid-19, at the Butantan Institute, in Sao Paulo, Brazil. AFP
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/LJD35YSZEAMKVV6DVCLH36DFTM.jpg?smart=true&auth=7b911f9f90a404ba97d16d93e215361eed976e9962c6ab30be477fe4fd5160ae&width=400&height=225)
An Iranian health worker holds up a dose of the locally-made CovIran Barekat vaccine, in the capital Tehran. EPA-EFE
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/2WG3GIAFQ2LGENGPDF2Q3ZC7UE.jpg?smart=true&auth=9e3ee1cbfa6fc452029cf7f4e6e1f922d0f66814ea29360acea8c256cd542bd3&width=400&height=225)
A man receives the domestically-produced Abdala vaccine in eastern Havana, Cuba. According to official data, it has more than 92 per cent efficacy. EPA-EFE
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/PDTVISENEA3D73UCV7OBVTBASE.jpg?smart=true&auth=c69d31946ec70aea26d8692ab2da9c928a12d613dfb33c230d50cf601dcd72cd&width=400&height=225)
Director of the Finlay Vaccine Institute Vicente Verez shows a vial of Cuban vaccine Soberana 02, in Havana. Cuba has administered 5.11 million doses of its own vaccines. EPA-EFE
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/FHFDEURHJP7FHAEXITVGSNQTIE.jpg?smart=true&auth=faed4b2d065100eed3cad8a3296bd9f16977be900bc452f27479bd2ecfff62a3&width=400&height=225)
An Iranian health worker injects a dose of locally made CovIran Barekat Covid-19 vaccine in Tehran, Iran. CovIran Barekat received emergency approval in June. EPA-EFE
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/EM3Z5J5GVKL4M3EKXOKVP6UNDU.jpg?smart=true&auth=bcc7955e8efb7300e1f014fc03d75be6ca094fc9f186c219520716fe5969393f&width=400&height=225)
A nurse holds up a vial of Cuba's Abdala vaccine in Havana. Cuba is likely to seek export contracts for its vaccines. EPA-EFE
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/2CTIBQDSWWR6EAZSMDPL5HMZKA.jpg?smart=true&auth=06391d1149bbd1a4dcf1429866c91441010a5b82cf727052ebf86c9a7a67b6a6&width=400&height=225)
A nurse prepares a domestically produced Soberana 2 vaccine at the Heroes del Corinthia polyclinic in Havana, Cuba. EPA-EFE
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/C7YNPT3KCHIIUOMDLBGS3755FY.jpg?smart=true&auth=7a23c006fbc6d2cf749f7bed7cdac1c53abf39f92ab4b33a8cdae7c2c84d37ec&width=400&height=225)
Sao Paulo Governor Joao Doria shows the ButanVac vaccine candidate against Covid-19, at the Butantan Institute, in Sao Paulo, Brazil. AFP
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/LJD35YSZEAMKVV6DVCLH36DFTM.jpg?smart=true&auth=7b911f9f90a404ba97d16d93e215361eed976e9962c6ab30be477fe4fd5160ae&width=400&height=225)
An Iranian health worker holds up a dose of the locally-made CovIran Barekat vaccine, in the capital Tehran. EPA-EFE
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/2WG3GIAFQ2LGENGPDF2Q3ZC7UE.jpg?smart=true&auth=9e3ee1cbfa6fc452029cf7f4e6e1f922d0f66814ea29360acea8c256cd542bd3&width=400&height=225)
A man receives the domestically-produced Abdala vaccine in eastern Havana, Cuba. According to official data, it has more than 92 per cent efficacy. EPA-EFE
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/PDTVISENEA3D73UCV7OBVTBASE.jpg?smart=true&auth=c69d31946ec70aea26d8692ab2da9c928a12d613dfb33c230d50cf601dcd72cd&width=400&height=225)
Director of the Finlay Vaccine Institute Vicente Verez shows a vial of Cuban vaccine Soberana 02, in Havana. Cuba has administered 5.11 million doses of its own vaccines. EPA-EFE
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/FHFDEURHJP7FHAEXITVGSNQTIE.jpg?smart=true&auth=faed4b2d065100eed3cad8a3296bd9f16977be900bc452f27479bd2ecfff62a3&width=400&height=225)
An Iranian health worker injects a dose of locally made CovIran Barekat Covid-19 vaccine in Tehran, Iran. CovIran Barekat received emergency approval in June. EPA-EFE
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/EM3Z5J5GVKL4M3EKXOKVP6UNDU.jpg?smart=true&auth=bcc7955e8efb7300e1f014fc03d75be6ca094fc9f186c219520716fe5969393f&width=400&height=225)
A nurse holds up a vial of Cuba's Abdala vaccine in Havana. Cuba is likely to seek export contracts for its vaccines. EPA-EFE
These countries are making their own Covid-19 vaccines from scratch
Cuba and Egypt are among the nations set to deliver their own vaccine to their own people
![Daniel Bardsley](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2Farc-authors%2Fthenational%2F4dcffed7-67d1-4c6f-b468-84a82d1ddd22.png?smart=true&auth=e4d7a6e3c76d7ec922e25339bc18538c62bc925936c2316006dc89b8a7becdc6&width=70&height=70)
Daniel Bardsley
28 June, 2021
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