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The rapidly drying marshes of Chibayish in Iraq's southern Dhi Qar province. AFP
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The Kuwait Towers are shrouded amid a sandstorm. The world has seen more extreme weather in the past decade, with the Gulf witnessing cyclones, flooding and extreme heat. EPA
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A formerly sunken boat sits upright on the shore of Lake Mead, Nevada, where water levels have dropped. EPA
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Homes surrounded by floodwater in Pakistan's south-western Baluchistan province earlier this year. AP Photo
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Steam rises from a coal-fired power plant near Grevenbroich, Germany. AP Photo
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Activists display prints replicating solar panels during a rally to mark Earth Day in Washington. AP Photo
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A glacier, which has lost most of its ice in the past few years, on Mount Zugspitze, Germany. AP Photo
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A bucket wheel excavator mining coal at an open-cast mine in Luetzerath, Germany. AP Photo
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Climate activists form a human chain spelling out '100% renewable', at Cop21 in Paris in 2015. AP
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US president George W Bush and first lady Barbara Bush sign a pledge to protect the Earth in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. AP Photo
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/PT26QROE6Z2W576WV43GATAUUM.jpg?smart=true&auth=7d63bcb08aa3d71d93f130f2f18494b3bc86437302c8599c2d07b82b63d7ce9b&width=400&height=225)
Extinction Rebellion activists holds placards at Cop26 last year in Glasgow, Scotland. AP Photo
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Demonstrators hold banners calling for a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997. AP Photo
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/TID4QU76OIH6UVUUCY3DVEWLYA.jpg?smart=true&auth=d4c0a3c91e03f832f8dd1a5e8117fb5700eeabcd279f6a518ffee5f3579bcb6b&width=400&height=225)
An artwork entitled 'One Heart One Tree' by Naziha Mestaoui is displayed on the Eiffel Tower before the 2015 Paris climate conference. AP Photo
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A woman works at a coal depot in Ahmedabad, India, in May. AP Photo
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/EJEW5P5LE4QJ4JQJNA4WSVDDPY.jpg?smart=true&auth=07560136c50a53193b4a4b079a3598cb56ba9083b6a734f76cd664a4ecbde315&width=400&height=225)
Plastic waste on the banks of the Nile in Cairo in September. AP Photo
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/BIC4O526EX4M73MS5NDYC3XBJY.jpg?smart=true&auth=aa9d0bd84bd9c99f7ccaa3422fac91cc5b281abf0fb00443ee9598bc9934e211&width=400&height=225)
Steam rises from a coal-fired power plant Niederaussem, Germany. AP Photo
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/DTXLF3MOAFSAIGUOU2OQS2AFOY.jpg?smart=true&auth=8181f96fd5b1296da28151bb772c6be3321dd3a330e3c6a572c67cced7c5e523&width=400&height=225)
Lake Poopo, home to the Uru Murato indigenous community in Bolivia, has largely become a desert. AFP
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/6MBYYJ2NUYNPFGMMCWPRDK3YI4.jpg?smart=true&auth=a62a652c45fade8479a12890ee35f16395e0c6b97ce3a2f35235add40daee7af&width=400&height=225)
US firefighters battle a blaze near Los Alamos, New Mexico, in 2011. AP Photo
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Cars on motorway in Frankfurt, Germany. Vehicle emissions are a contributor to climate change. AP Photo
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The rapidly drying marshes of Chibayish in Iraq's southern Dhi Qar province. AFP
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/CHBWFOGVWAKDMHWJACXGBDRGQQ.jpg?smart=true&auth=abecb9b8569d927adba844f3ee839d3f1d1df5fa62f9ccaf49b14f33b4c9977d&width=400&height=225)
The Kuwait Towers are shrouded amid a sandstorm. The world has seen more extreme weather in the past decade, with the Gulf witnessing cyclones, flooding and extreme heat. EPA
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/IAWENBI6BJZCHAK6LVSRZBOO3E.jpg?smart=true&auth=108149065444faabf57d0daceb1a29083f8ded64e06ee5f08b77d43ed319366c&width=400&height=225)
A formerly sunken boat sits upright on the shore of Lake Mead, Nevada, where water levels have dropped. EPA
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/LHX2FTEAKOBO772AJM6HPPQLNY.jpg?smart=true&auth=6a01a016f6dccfc15f2a1caea19a275e0edf7e32272d9c01dfa6d8f9624319f4&width=400&height=225)
Homes surrounded by floodwater in Pakistan's south-western Baluchistan province earlier this year. AP Photo
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/JIRC3RSVQH3XLTXABU25ANBENY.jpg?smart=true&auth=8da7e11e3a973322d28786ab0821d35399044a50ac74b423b5fded11393bb520&width=400&height=225)
Steam rises from a coal-fired power plant near Grevenbroich, Germany. AP Photo
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/RHSPY7JZVTBEMHS3JKAUZHONEQ.jpg?smart=true&auth=decedf9f2e5649d9e4035385ee656bbd20981ceeea95a42500b6c51256fd8066&width=400&height=225)
Activists display prints replicating solar panels during a rally to mark Earth Day in Washington. AP Photo
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/2CFIQ36FTZ7TWF2ZVO7TCP2IUM.jpg?smart=true&auth=adb0b4f4564e18d466a65f391fbccf391e1ed6b6d66143140a4b6eac090c280e&width=400&height=225)
A glacier, which has lost most of its ice in the past few years, on Mount Zugspitze, Germany. AP Photo
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/FQGNLRVNWOPR7QQUW2R27CNGDE.jpg?smart=true&auth=b5ad3a72fea1bdb16856ae3ca26eb429d0275f897c29e4a8c2c058fedbc5e6c1&width=400&height=225)
A bucket wheel excavator mining coal at an open-cast mine in Luetzerath, Germany. AP Photo
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/BXMV7J6RSUY5BLFH7YARHK5BLY.jpg?smart=true&auth=1f598e41144cd4187e9d2c132c75a5667337f5fdfc4778860f3bc9727137d1e5&width=400&height=225)
Climate activists form a human chain spelling out '100% renewable', at Cop21 in Paris in 2015. AP
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/33DPVCLSNFPHOU6ZYPHCNRNUU4.jpg?smart=true&auth=b8e498c84e7617dddd048cfed5b79c061197ab28cb7dc39bc3b9c6e81ae8736a&width=400&height=225)
US president George W Bush and first lady Barbara Bush sign a pledge to protect the Earth in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. AP Photo
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/PT26QROE6Z2W576WV43GATAUUM.jpg?smart=true&auth=7d63bcb08aa3d71d93f130f2f18494b3bc86437302c8599c2d07b82b63d7ce9b&width=400&height=225)
Extinction Rebellion activists holds placards at Cop26 last year in Glasgow, Scotland. AP Photo
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/OJS727UT66JAGN47C7DJAOE4NY.jpg?smart=true&auth=c2df6ed37e0633d3e9080a574d76cdf793afdc6f5ec9862f5210617298250392&width=400&height=225)
Demonstrators hold banners calling for a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997. AP Photo
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/TID4QU76OIH6UVUUCY3DVEWLYA.jpg?smart=true&auth=d4c0a3c91e03f832f8dd1a5e8117fb5700eeabcd279f6a518ffee5f3579bcb6b&width=400&height=225)
An artwork entitled 'One Heart One Tree' by Naziha Mestaoui is displayed on the Eiffel Tower before the 2015 Paris climate conference. AP Photo
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/I6Z5IFVDAXLTJUSBYDM36GYXLM.jpg?smart=true&auth=a5acf6f3363861c7645c54ba48fab1da9e6a747508e98795d6cde7557ca703b1&width=400&height=225)
A woman works at a coal depot in Ahmedabad, India, in May. AP Photo
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/EJEW5P5LE4QJ4JQJNA4WSVDDPY.jpg?smart=true&auth=07560136c50a53193b4a4b079a3598cb56ba9083b6a734f76cd664a4ecbde315&width=400&height=225)
Plastic waste on the banks of the Nile in Cairo in September. AP Photo
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/BIC4O526EX4M73MS5NDYC3XBJY.jpg?smart=true&auth=aa9d0bd84bd9c99f7ccaa3422fac91cc5b281abf0fb00443ee9598bc9934e211&width=400&height=225)
Steam rises from a coal-fired power plant Niederaussem, Germany. AP Photo
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/DTXLF3MOAFSAIGUOU2OQS2AFOY.jpg?smart=true&auth=8181f96fd5b1296da28151bb772c6be3321dd3a330e3c6a572c67cced7c5e523&width=400&height=225)
Lake Poopo, home to the Uru Murato indigenous community in Bolivia, has largely become a desert. AFP
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/6MBYYJ2NUYNPFGMMCWPRDK3YI4.jpg?smart=true&auth=a62a652c45fade8479a12890ee35f16395e0c6b97ce3a2f35235add40daee7af&width=400&height=225)
US firefighters battle a blaze near Los Alamos, New Mexico, in 2011. AP Photo
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/ZUAFFPB2JZFFAKGTJUYDMHYH3M.jpg?smart=true&auth=d964de24847aa0f88607986ee24c949718293798615e80605f9af4512692d77b&width=400&height=225)
Cars on motorway in Frankfurt, Germany. Vehicle emissions are a contributor to climate change. AP Photo
![](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/QUSPORVI6QAOKUZVLCUEBVVCWM.jpg?smart=true&auth=e695a47b0c82a5dfb30083b2de4b9a004f1b48c6cb8e8764297a718a8aa3c1b8&width=400&height=225)
The rapidly drying marshes of Chibayish in Iraq's southern Dhi Qar province. AFP
What is loss and damage from climate change? And who should foot the bill?
Creation of fund to support poorer nations affected by climate change comes decades after issue was first raised
![Daniel Bardsley](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2Farc-authors%2Fthenational%2F4dcffed7-67d1-4c6f-b468-84a82d1ddd22.png?smart=true&auth=e4d7a6e3c76d7ec922e25339bc18538c62bc925936c2316006dc89b8a7becdc6&width=70&height=70)
Daniel Bardsley
20 November, 2022
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