Contemporary artist Philip Colbert, whose colourful, high-spirited art is finding buyers around the world, had been toying with the idea of creating his own catalogue system to prove the authenticity of his expanding body of work.
“I had a dealer in Japan who had been telling me I needed to have better forms of certification for my artwork, because people are buying art as an investment,” said the British artist, who appropriates pop culture images in his paintings, fashion and furniture. “Art is a currency in a way; at the end of the day when they come to auction, the provenance is a very important element of their value.”
Then he met Rob Norton, the founder of Verisart, a US-based start-up that’s using blockchain, the ledger technology underlying Bitcoin, to verify the authenticity of artwork. It’s a problem as old as art itself, says Mr Norton, and artists have long been unreliable when it comes to documenting their own work. As far back as the 17th century, Rembrandt’s dealer complained of his client’s poor record-keeping, Mr Norton says.
Blockchain creates an immutable, traceable record of every transaction, whether it’s art changing hands or Bitcoin. Widespread adoption of the technology could give a boost to the market for art online, which has yet to explode. Online sales currently account for only about 8 per cent, or $5.4 billion, of the global art market, according to a report by UBS and Art Basel released this month.
Trust - or lack of it - is at the core of the challenge, with potential buyers baulking at the possibility of spending considerable sums on works whose provenance can’t be fully verified. Sources estimate the value of fraudulent activity in the global art market to exceed $6bn per year and 80 per cent of such activity is due to forgery, says Mr Norton, the former chief executive of Saatchi Online and Sedition Art.
Last year, three men were charged in New York with making counterfeit Damien Hirst prints and selling them online for more than $400,000, according to ArtNews. The arrest followed a sting operation by undercover New York police officers, who purchased two of the pieces, which were advertised as "limited edition" prints online, alongside fake certificates of authenticity and purchase receipts.
When it comes to art, “there’s a higher hurdle of trust that you have to clear, you have to know that what you’re buying is real,” says Mr Norton. “Art is the second-largest unregulated market after illicit drugs and it’s significantly overshadowed by fraudulent activity. You can accelerate trust and liquidity by providing better standards for verifiable, global certification.”
The 800-pound gorillas have already arrived. Google, Microsoft and IBM are all developing blockchain-related projects, a market already worth more than $700 million and growing rapidly. Such demand is fuelling several start-ups that use blockchain to verify artwork.
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The UAE is now, without doubt, the region's capital of culture
A strong art scene is a crucial component of a global city. Dubai doesn't disappoint
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Codex, based in San Francisco and London, is going after the collectibles market, for everything from art to jewellery to antique cars. It has drawn investment from Pantera Capital, a hedge fund that invests in blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies.
Newly minted crypto-millionaires and billionaires will be natural art buyers, according to Pantera. Codex is also working on an application called Biddable that will allow cryptocurrencies to be used to bid in art auctions.
Verisart is also drawing investment. It has received funding from Rhodium, an early stage venture capital firm, Sinai Ventures from San Francisco and also issued convertible notes.
Verisart started in 2015 as a phone app for artists to create their own system of art verification. That approach didn’t take off, says Mr Norton. Then the company built a Web app working with Ahmed Elgammal, a computer science professor at Rutgers University.
“We were a little bit early, we were figuring out where the market was, getting feedback from artists, and building a platform that people could use,” Mr Norton says. “Now increasingly working with partners, those certificates can be customised.”
Colbert’s certificates, for example, contain small reproductions of the piece itself called “image hashes”, along with all of the relevant information about its creation, ownership and movement, such as whether it was part of an exhibition. He’ll have a show in Tokyo in September and Beijing next February.
Since Verisart uses the unaltered Bitcoin blockchain rather than a customised version, one risk may be that its effort can be easily replicated, since it brings little in the way of new technology. Some collectors, particularly those who buy and sell privately, may also be reluctant to share their information in such a public way.
“The blockchain is a more efficient method of verification,” Colbert says. “You’re not worried about the authentic value of your work, because it’s all about locking down the time and place. Then all those fakes aren’t doing you any damage. All those fake Mona Lisas don’t do the Mona Lisa any harm.”
Ultimately, putting art on the blockchain could lead to a decentralised art registry that would cover a significant amount of the world’s art.
“Over time, different registries will be able to share those image hashes and you could consolidate and build effectively a decentralised art registry,” Mr Norton says. “There won’t be just one registry out there for all the art and collectibles’ markets but we do see the basis to build a decentralised title registry on the back of image hashes and cryptographic proofs.”
The service may potentially become popular among artists selling limited edition prints, Mr Norton says. Shepard Fairey, a Los Angeles-based artist best known for his portraits of the US President Barack Obama and pictures of immigrants, was so impressed that he not only started using Verisart, he also invested in the company.
“We’re excited to see Verisart develop and meet artist and gallery requirements for trusted digital certification,” say Shepard and Amanda Fairey, his wife and business partner. “As artists move away from paper-based certificates of authenticity to digital ones, Verisart continues to add to and improve its service.”
Fairey’s art is widely copied and can be seen at protests and other political events, so verification can be key.
Blockchain certification on its own may increasingly turn into a generic service, potentially being explored by big players such as Facebook and Microsoft. But Verisart’s ability to allow artists to customise their own certificates and image hashes will give it a competitive edge, Mr Norton argues.
“Our view is that there won’t be just one registry out there for all the art and collectibles," he says.
“But we do see the basis to build a decentralised title registry on the back of image hashes and cryptographic proofs.”
Our legal advisor
Rasmi Ragy is a senior counsel at Charles Russell Speechlys, a law firm headquartered in London with offices in Europe, the Middle East and Hong Kong.
Experience: Prosecutor in Egypt with more than 40 years experience across the GCC.
Education: Ain Shams University, Egypt, in 1978.
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AT4 Ultimate, as tested
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Labour dispute
The insured employee may still file an ILOE claim even if a labour dispute is ongoing post termination, but the insurer may suspend or reject payment, until the courts resolve the dispute, especially if the reason for termination is contested. The outcome of the labour court proceedings can directly affect eligibility.
- Abdullah Ishnaneh, Partner, BSA Law
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Company profile
Name: Fruitful Day
Founders: Marie-Christine Luijckx, Lyla Dalal AlRawi, Lindsey Fournie
Based: Dubai, UAE
Founded: 2015
Number of employees: 30
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Globalization and its Discontents Revisited
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Sole survivors
- Cecelia Crocker was on board Northwest Airlines Flight 255 in 1987 when it crashed in Detroit, killing 154 people, including her parents and brother. The plane had hit a light pole on take off
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- Jim Polehinke was the co-pilot and sole survivor of a 2006 Comair flight that crashed in Lexington, Kentucky, killing 49.
How England have scored their set-piece goals in Russia
Three Penalties
v Panama, Group Stage (Harry Kane)
v Panama, Group Stage (Kane)
v Colombia, Last 16 (Kane)
Four Corners
v Tunisia, Group Stage (Kane, via John Stones header, from Ashley Young corner)
v Tunisia, Group Stage (Kane, via Harry Maguire header, from Kieran Trippier corner)
v Panama, Group Stage (Stones, header, from Trippier corner)
v Sweden, Quarter-Final (Maguire, header, from Young corner)
One Free-Kick
v Panama, Group Stage (Stones, via Jordan Henderson, Kane header, and Raheem Sterling, from Tripper free-kick)
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School counsellors on mental well-being
Schools counsellors in Abu Dhabi have put a number of provisions in place to help support pupils returning to the classroom next week.
Many children will resume in-person lessons for the first time in 10 months and parents previously raised concerns about the long-term effects of distance learning.
Schools leaders and counsellors said extra support will be offered to anyone that needs it. Additionally, heads of years will be on hand to offer advice or coping mechanisms to ease any concerns.
“Anxiety this time round has really spiralled, more so than from the first lockdown at the beginning of the pandemic,” said Priya Mitchell, counsellor at The British School Al Khubairat in Abu Dhabi.
“Some have got used to being at home don’t want to go back, while others are desperate to get back.
“We have seen an increase in depressive symptoms, especially with older pupils, and self-harm is starting younger.
“It is worrying and has taught us how important it is that we prioritise mental well-being.”
Ms Mitchell said she was liaising more with heads of year so they can support and offer advice to pupils if the demand is there.
The school will also carry out mental well-being checks so they can pick up on any behavioural patterns and put interventions in place to help pupils.
At Raha International School, the well-being team has provided parents with assessment surveys to see how they can support students at home to transition back to school.
“They have created a Well-being Resource Bank that parents have access to on information on various domains of mental health for students and families,” a team member said.
“Our pastoral team have been working with students to help ease the transition and reduce anxiety that [pupils] may experience after some have been nearly a year off campus.
"Special secondary tutorial classes have also focused on preparing students for their return; going over new guidelines, expectations and daily schedules.”
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Cricket World Cup League Two
Nepal, Oman, United States tri-series
Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu
Fixtures
Wednesday February 5, Oman v Nepal
Thursday, February 6, Oman v United States
Saturday, February 8, United States v Nepal
Sunday, February 9, Oman v Nepal
Tuesday, February 11, Oman v United States
Wednesday, February 12, United States v Nepal
Table
The top three sides advance to the 2022 World Cup Qualifier.
The bottom four sides are relegated to the 2022 World Cup playoff
1 United States 8 6 2 0 0 12 0.412
2 Scotland 8 4 3 0 1 9 0.139
3 Namibia 7 4 3 0 0 8 0.008
4 Oman 6 4 2 0 0 8 -0.139
5 UAE 7 3 3 0 1 7 -0.004
6 Nepal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 PNG 8 0 8 0 0 0 -0.458
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Schalke v Augsburg (3.30pm)
Mainz v RB Leipzig (5.30pm)
Cologne v Fortuna Dusseldorf (8pm)
GAC GS8 Specs
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Starring: Ramy Youssef, Steve Carell, Jason Schwartzman
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Our family matters legal consultant
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Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.