There is a clear moral imperative to transition to a low carbon economy – but does it also make investment sense?
It is hard to overstate the importance of the role played by fossil fuels in the history of economic development and social progress. We are now at the stage, however, where the costs are starting to outweigh the incremental benefits. Climate change, air pollution and plastic waste are all reaching crisis levels.
The Paris-based International Energy Agency recently reported sobering news that global energy demand had risen by 2.3 per cent in 2018, met mostly by fossil fuels, with global carbon dioxide levels rising to a record high.
Areas such as the European Union and the UK saw emissions decline, while China, the US and India saw the largest increases, prompted by 2018’s unusual weather patterns that resulted in more demand for air conditioning in the summer and heating in the winter. An increase in renewable power generation of 7 per cent in 2018 was not able to keep up with demand, meeting only 45 per cent of global electricity demand growth. The Climate Change Forum, hosted in Dubai in February, strongly emphasised the crucial role of renewable energy as an economically attractive solution to many threats posed by climate change.
What makes economic sense for countries makes sense for our sustainable investment approach: we have long recognised the negative externalities associated with fossil fuel industries and our strategy has adopted a low carbon approach since it was launched in 1991. Importantly, we believe it makes great investment sense to go fossil-free today, despite the fact it will take many decades to transition to an entirely low carbon economy. In fact we view low carbon investing as a win/win proposition.
The reason is basic economics – the substitution effect. Over the last five years, the price of renewable energy technology has declined by as much as 80 per cent, so that wind and solar are now the cheapest forms of power generation in many parts of the world; and this is without subsidies. Batteries have had similar cost declines and we are starting to see the emergence of competitively priced, long range electric vehicles. Even at the low price of $50 per barrel, as we saw in December last year, oil cannot compete with electricity generated by wind or solar.
We regard the low carbon energy transition as a generational investment trend; and it is unstoppable. Investment in alternative technologies has continued, even during periods when fossil prices have declined. And higher fossil fuel prices contain the seeds of their own destruction – they simply accelerate substitution to lower cost, cleaner alternatives. It will not be a straight line but, looking a decade ahead, we feel confident in saying it will be a losing proposition to invest in fossil fuels. The time is close when we will be talking about ‘peak’ fossil demand and once that happens there will be structural deflation in fossil fuel industries.
Conversely, there is much growth and opportunity in new technologies that are providing solutions. We feel equally confident in predicting that there will be many more electric cars and far more renewable power in 10 years’ time.
Low carbon investing involves much more than simply avoiding investment in fossil fuels. There are many industries that will be disrupted as we go through the low carbon energy transition. Similarly, investing in clean technology is much more than simply investing in wind and solar. There are many different types of companies providing a diverse range of technologies and solutions across the power, electrical, transportation, and infrastructure and real estate sectors.
Hamish Chamberlayne, CFA is a head of socially-responsible investing and a portfolio manager at Janus Henderson Investors, which is a member of The Gulf Bond and Sukuk Association.
