Singapore's economy contracts as global trade hits new lows

Singapore's bad data comes ahead of China trade figures and quarterly GDP numbers that are likely to show a clear weakening in the economy. REUTERS

An unexpected contraction in Singapore’s economy in the second quarter sent a warning shot to the world economy as simmering trade tensions wilt business confidence and activity.

Gross domestic product in the export-reliant city-state shrank an annualised 3.4 per cent in the quarter from the first three months of the year, the biggest decline since 2012. That was worse than the 0.5 per cent expansion forecast in a Bloomberg survey of economists and followed growth of 3.8 per cent in the first quarter.

Like South Korea’s economy -- which already contracted in the first quarter -- Singapore is often held up as a bellwether for global demand given its heavy reliance on foreign trade. The bad data comes ahead of China trade figures later Friday and quarterly GDP numbers on Monday, which will likely show a clear weakening in the economy.

“Singapore is the canary in the coal mine, being very open and sensitive to trade,” said Chua Hak Bin, an economist at Maybank Kim Eng Research Pte in Singapore. The data “points to the risk of a deepening slowdown for the rest of Asia.”

Across Asia and Europe, factory activity shrank in June while the US showed only a meager economic expansion. Asia is the world’s growth engine and contributes more than 60 per cent of global GDP, according to the International Monetary Fund.

Rob Subbaraman, head of global macro research and co-head of global markets research at Nomura Holdings Inc, concurred, saying the “large downside GDP miss does not bode well for the rest of Asia.”

Singapore’s complicated integration in regional and global supply chains makes it vulnerable to a slowdown in world growth and tariff wars. Exports have already taken a big hit over the past few months, with shipments plunging in May by the most since early 2013.

“I thought the numbers would be bad, but this is ugly,” Chua said. “The whiff of a technical recession is real. We thought it might be shallow, but the risk now is that it might be deeper.”

Compared with a year ago, Singapore's GDP growth slowed to 0.1 per cent in the second quarter, lower than the 1.1 per cent median estimate in a Bloomberg survey. The Ministry of Trade's figures are advanced estimates based on the first two months' data, and will likely be revised when the final estimates are published next month.

The Singapore dollar fell as much as 0.1 per cent to 1.3588 against the US dollar after the data.

Aside from trade tensions, a cooling technology boom is weighing on the outlook. About 40 per cent of Singapore’s exports are integrated circuits alone, according to Tuuli McCully, head of Asia-Pacific economics at Scotiabank in Singapore.

“The downturn in the global semiconductor sector is reflected in Singapore more than in most countries in the region,” McCully said.

The slump wasn’t restricted to Singapore’s export sector only. While manufacturing contracted an annualized 6 per cent in the second quarter from the previous three months, construction plunged 7.6 per cent, reversing a 13.3 per cent expansion in the first quarter. The services industry shrank 1.5 per cent in the second quarter.

That weakness may prompt the Monetary Authority of Singapore, the nation’s central bank, to keep policy unchanged in October or possibly ease. The MAS uses the exchange rate as its main tool and left policy settings steady in April.

“If by October there is a recession and the U.S.-China trade war still fails to find a resolution, the MAS would probably have to ease policy,” Chua said.

The government sees the economy expanding 1.5 per cent to 2.5 per cent this year, compared with 3.1 per cent in 2018. Officials are set to revise that projection in August, trade and industry minister Chan Chun Sing told parliament this week, adding that Singapore was “well-placed to weather the storm” given its sound economic fundamentals, strong fiscal position, and progress in restructuring the economy.

A restart to US-China trade negotiations has done little to convince economists that the global economy can skirt a slowdown through the end of 2019 and perhaps beyond. Morgan Stanley analysts last month cut both their 2019 and 2020 growth forecasts by 20 basis points each, to 3 per cent and 3.2 per cent.

“With a resolution of the US-China trade conflict and a rebound in the global tech cycle both still elusive, the downside risks to growth in the region are mounting,” said Krystal Tan, an economist at Australia & New Zealand Banking Group in Singapore.