Standing beside Banja Luka’s towering cathedral with its bands of colourful light and dark stone, Milos watches his children play in the park.
“We have peace because of Dayton, but the side effect is that we have a very complicated system,” he says. Half a kilometre down the park-lined main boulevard lies the Ferhat Pasa Mosque, rebuilt in gleaming limestone after the war that ended in 1995. “We look into the past, rather than the future – how are my children going to get jobs? I don’t care about identity, I care about work.”
Outside the mosque, an old lady voices feelings heard across Bosnia and Herzegovina: “I think Dayton was good in that it stopped the war, but the politicians we have now are not worthy. They close off their national groups to stay in power and take all the money.”
On December 14, 1995, the warring parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina and representatives of the international community signed the Dayton Peace Agreement, bringing to an end a three-and-half year war that had killed 100,000 people and displaced more than 2 million.
Two decades later, the agreement still stands. Its Annex Four, which embeds the principle of ethnic identity as a cornerstone of the functioning of the state, is the constitution of the country.
Dayton was highly successful at bringing an end to the war, which at the time was by no means a foregone conclusion, and has kept the peace in a notoriously fractious corner of Europe. The example of Dayton has repeatedly been raised in discussions over the Syrian civil war, another ethno-religious conflict in which neighbouring countries have been active participants – although differences between the two are substantial.
But over the past decade in particular, both Bosnians and outsiders have repeatedly questioned whether a peace treaty that entrenched ethnic divisions can really be the basis for building a modern and functional European country based on the rights conferred by citizenship, rather than identity. Beyond the ethical and moral questions that the continued existence of Dayton raises – for example, those identifying as Roma, or Jews or merely as “Bosnian” of no religious or ethnic category are banned from the presidency – the utter stasis in Bosnian politics since 2006 suggests a system that is at best dysfunctional, and at worst, the basis of a failed state. The role of the international community remains hotly debated: should it intervene to produce the results it desires? Or should it back away?
“Dayton was emergency surgery to stop bleeding and it has accomplished its primary objective, to end a war. But it is not a therapist to heal the wounds,” says Miran Norderland, who was involved in post-war discussions at Dayton. “I don’t think that even the Americans thought it would last this long. People here are impoverished and have lost patience – but they don’t have any way of resolving it.”
In November, Paddy Ashdown, former international community high representative to Bosnia and Herzegovina, warned that a “perfect storm” was brewing in the country. While saying that he thought a new war unlikely, Ashdown said that Bosnia had been “the global poster boy” of post-conflict peace-building but had “moved decisively back into the dynamic of disintegration”. Threats to secede by the ethnic-Serbian autonomous “entity” and calls for Croats to establish their own entity have also raised concerns.
Days before, James Lyon, previously an official at the Office of the High Representative (OHR), warned that Serbian challenges to Bosnia’s functioning as a unitary state, and the international community’s inaction, risked another Balkan war.
Anti-government protests in January 2014 that resulted in government buildings torched and officials’ cars pushed into rivers are a sign of Bosnia’s potential combustibility, observers warn.
“Dayton established rights only for ethnic groups, not citizens,” says one Bosnian Muslim member of parliament in Sarajevo’s gleaming rebuilt parliament building. “Now is the time to open up and discuss how we can have a more functional constitution.”
Broadly speaking, the three-way conflict pitted Bosnian Muslims (known as Bosniaks) against ethnic Serbs (members of the Orthodox Christian Church) and Croats (Roman Catholics). The participation on the side of the Serbs by the Yugoslav National Army (JNA) controlled by the Serb-dominated Yugoslav government in Belgrade, and the less direct support given to the Croats by the newly independent government of Croatia, added to the war’s brutality.
The Bosnian War was the bloodiest of the conflicts that broke out as the multi-ethnic Communist state of Yugoslavia collapsed. The wars began in 1991 as the two richest of the six Yugoslav republics, Slovenia and Croatia, declared independence. Slovenia escaped after a war lasting only 10 days; Croatia’s was to drag on until 1995, as the new government fought against the JNA and ethnic Serb separatists.
A number of factors contributed to Yugoslavia’s demise: the failure to reform the communist system following the fall of the Berlin Wall; the death in 1980 of Josip Broz Tito, the charismatic founding father of the Communist state; and the growing desire for greater autonomy among Yugoslavia’s republics, coupled with rising nationalism.
Bosnia, as the most multi-ethnic of those republics, was particularly vulnerable to those who saw it as merely a constituent part of a Greater Serbia or Greater Croatia. At the time of the last prewar census, in 1991, 43.5 per cent of the population defined themselves as Bosniak, 31.2 per cent as Serbs, and 17.4 per cent as Croats.
Bosnia and Herzegovina’s independence was recognised by the European Commission (EC) and the United States on April 6 1991, following a referendum largely boycotted by Serbs, but overwhelmingly supported by Bosniaks and Croats.
Rejecting Bosnia’s independence, Serbian politicians and militias, with Belgrade’s support, starting carving out Serb “autonomous” areas, and ethnic cleansing of non-Serbs began accelerating. Serb propaganda raised memories of the Second World War, during which Bosnia and Herzegovina and parts of Serbia had been incorporated into fascist Croatia, and hundreds of thousands of Serbs had been massacred.
Originally a conflict between Bosniaks and Croats on one side and Serbs and the JNA on the other, the Bosnian War became yet more complex in late 1993 as the Croats, backed by Zagreb, turned on their Muslim allies. Perhaps the most notorious episode of the Croat-Bosniak war was the siege of the beautiful city of Mostar in the Neretva Valley, and the wanton destruction of its 16th-century Ottoman Old Bridge.
But by early 1994, Croats and Bosniaks were again fighting on the same side. NATO joined the war in August 1995, bombing Bosnian Serb positions.
Decisive action on a peace deal was catalysed by a number of factors, including the July 1995 Srebrenica massacre, in which 8,000 Bosniak men and boys were killed, and a mortar attack on the Markale market in Sarajevo in which 43 died. More cynical interpretations also see Bill Clinton’s re-election campaign and Yugoslav president Slobodan Milosevic’s waning patience with the Bosnian Serbs as factors.
In some cases building on previous agreements, Dayton left Bosnia and Herzegovina with a complex devolved system of government. Among its most contentious measures, the agreement formally recognised the Serb Republic (Republika Srpska, RS) as one of two ethnically defined “entities” (effectively highly autonomous regions), the other being the Bosniak and Croat-dominated Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, itself split into 10 cantons with significant powers. It established a three-member rotating presidency, with one Bosniak, one Serb and one Croat. And it established international community oversight for implementing Dayton through a high representative with powers to impose decisions on the country, including sacking politicians. Each of these has proved problematic.
As Aleksandar Savanovic, a professor of political science at the University of Banja Luka and an advisor to the Serbian Democratic Party (SDS), says, Dayton was “brilliant” in conception in that it brought an end to the war. But, imposed by the international community, it “lacks internal acceptance”. For Bosniaks and some moderates of all ethnicities, the RS is a reward for ethnic cleansing and genocide. Many Serbs feel Bosnia’s independence reflects the “tyranny of the majority” and fear that attempts to create a more unitary state will endanger their identity, and even their lives. And Croats were denied their own entity – and calls to create one are regularly raised.
The ethnically defined presidency also discriminates against the small-but-significant proportion of Bosnian citizens who do not identify as Bosniak, Croat or Serb. This situation was challenged by two such citizens – one Roma, one Jewish – in the European Court of Human Rights. In 2009, the court ruled that the Bosnian constitution was in breach of the European Convention of Human Rights. Bosnia will not be able to join the European Union without changing this part of its constitution. Failure to address the so-called “Sejdic-Finci question” is indicative of the difficulties of changing Dayton.
Since 2006, several attempts to “move beyond” Dayton have failed, some by tantalisingly narrow margins.
Almost universally, Bosnians blame politicians for their woes. But ethno-nationalist parties are regularly re-elected. The supposedly multi-ethnic Social Democratic Party (SDP) that eventually came to power after the 2010 elections was largely voted for by Bosniaks. The party squandered much of the goodwill it had, losing Bosniak support through deals it cut with the nationalist RS president, Milorad Dodik.
Meanwhile, Bosnia’s economy continues to languish. It is one of the poorest countries in Europe, with per capita GDP just 25 per cent of that of advanced European economies, according to the International Monetary Fund, while the youth unemployment rate is one of the highest in the world, at 60 per cent. The budget relies on life support from institutions including the IMF to pay salaries in the bloated public sector. Jobs in the government are also key sources of patronage for the political elite, used as vote banks and support for clientelist networks.
“Fifty-one percent of the electorate benefits from the current system,” says Leila, an elegantly dressed woman of mixed ethnicity sitting in the café of Sarajevo’s historic Hotel Europe, where headscarved women sip coffee while others drink potent fruit brandy. “There’s no incentive for political parties to change if they still win. I don’t see Dayton changed significantly any time soon, I just don’t see it happening.”
She says that while most are dissatisfied, for many the priority is keeping their heads above water. Moreover, when politicians feel their power is threatened, they ramp up nationalist rhetoric to rally support.
Many observers, like Lyon, see the RS as the biggest stumbling block. Dodik was once seen as the moderate alternative to the SDS, the party of Radovan Karadzic, but now is cast as a demagogic authoritarian nationalist by critics, including former allies. He has regularly called for secession if the RS is not given greater autonomy.
After a decade of failures, the international community has taken a new tack. In July, the state-level government finally adopted an EU-driven “reform agenda” developed by the UK and Germany, which puts economic reform ahead of the attempts to change the constitution that have floundered. Backed by international financial institutions including the IMF, the package prioritises economic liberalisation, ostensibly including cuts to public employment, as part of Bosnia’s path towards eventual EU membership.
“Getting rid of Dayton is not simple,” says one western diplomat. “We’d love to see changes, but change has to come via consensus. We hope that the reform agenda lead naturally into changes.”
As well as the priority aims of getting Bosnia’s economy moving again, the agenda is partly designed to weaken the patronage networks on which the country’s politicians depend, by boosting private sector as opposed to public employment. Diplomats insist that Sejdic-Finci must be addressed eventually, but now take the line that otherwise a radical overhaul of Dayton is not absolutely necessary as a precondition to EU membership – “it’s messy, but so is Belgium”, says one.
Dayton was hugely successful at bringing peace, but 20 years on, Bosnia and Herzegovina is still not a country at peace with itself. But just as Bosnians have learned to live within Dayton, for the foreseeable future, so will the international community.
Andrew MacDowall is a correspondent and analyst based in Belgrade. He has written for publications including the Financial Times, Politico Europe, and the Guardian.
COMPANY PROFILE
Company name: Revibe
Started: 2022
Founders: Hamza Iraqui and Abdessamad Ben Zakour
Based: UAE
Industry: Refurbished electronics
Funds raised so far: $10m
Investors: Flat6Labs, Resonance and various others
Lampedusa: Gateway to Europe
Pietro Bartolo and Lidia Tilotta
Quercus
THE BIO: Martin Van Almsick
Hometown: Cologne, Germany
Family: Wife Hanan Ahmed and their three children, Marrah (23), Tibijan (19), Amon (13)
Favourite dessert: Umm Ali with dark camel milk chocolate flakes
Favourite hobby: Football
Breakfast routine: a tall glass of camel milk
The biog
Favourite book: You Are the Placebo – Making your mind matter, by Dr Joe Dispenza
Hobby: Running and watching Welsh rugby
Travel destination: Cyprus in the summer
Life goals: To be an aspirational and passionate University educator, enjoy life, be healthy and be the best dad possible.
Living in...
This article is part of a guide on where to live in the UAE. Our reporters will profile some of the country’s most desirable districts, provide an estimate of rental prices and introduce you to some of the residents who call each area home.
Profile Box
Company/date started: 2015
Founder/CEO: Mohammed Toraif
Based: Manama, Bahrain
Sector: Sales, Technology, Conservation
Size: (employees/revenue) 4/ 5,000 downloads
Stage: 1 ($100,000)
Investors: Two first-round investors including, 500 Startups, Fawaz Al Gosaibi Holding (Saudi Arabia)
What is the Supreme Petroleum Council?
The Abu Dhabi Supreme Petroleum Council was established in 1988 and is the highest governing body in Abu Dhabi’s oil and gas industry. The council formulates, oversees and executes the emirate’s petroleum-related policies. It also approves the allocation of capital spending across state-owned Adnoc’s upstream, downstream and midstream operations and functions as the company’s board of directors. The SPC’s mandate is also required for auctioning oil and gas concessions in Abu Dhabi and for awarding blocks to international oil companies. The council is chaired by Sheikh Khalifa, the President and Ruler of Abu Dhabi while Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, Abu Dhabi’s Crown Prince and Deputy Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, is the vice chairman.
SCORES
Yorkshire Vikings 144-1 in 12.5 overs
(Tom Kohler 72 not out, Harry Broook 42 not out)
bt Hobart Hurricanes 140-7 in 20 overs
(Caleb Jewell 38, Sean Willis 35, Karl Carver 2-29, Josh Shaw 2-39)
Tank warfare
Lt Gen Erik Petersen, deputy chief of programs, US Army, has argued it took a+“three decade holiday” on modernising tanks.
“There clearly remains a significant armoured heavy ground manoeuvre threat in this world and maintaining a world class armoured force is absolutely vital,” the general said in London last week.
“We are developing next generation capabilities to compete with and deter adversaries to prevent opportunism or miscalculation, and, if necessary, defeat any foe decisively.”
Itcan profile
Founders: Mansour Althani and Abdullah Althani
Based: Business Bay, with offices in Saudi Arabia, Egypt and India
Sector: Technology, digital marketing and e-commerce
Size: 70 employees
Revenue: On track to make Dh100 million in revenue this year since its 2015 launch
Funding: Self-funded to date
SPEC SHEET
Display: 10.9" Liquid Retina IPS, 2360 x 1640, 264ppi, wide colour, True Tone, Apple Pencil support
Chip: Apple M1, 8-core CPU, 8-core GPU, 16-core Neural Engine
Memory: 64/256GB storage; 8GB RAM
Main camera: 12MP wide, f/1.8, Smart HDR
Video: 4K @ 25/25/30/60fps, full HD @ 25/30/60fps, slo-mo @ 120/240fps
Front camera: 12MP ultra-wide, f/2.4, Smart HDR, Centre Stage; full HD @ 25/30/60fps
Audio: Stereo speakers
Biometrics: Touch ID
I/O: USB-C, smart connector (for folio/keyboard)
Battery: Up to 10 hours on Wi-Fi; up to 9 hours on cellular
Finish: Space grey, starlight, pink, purple, blue
Price: Wi-Fi – Dh2,499 (64GB) / Dh3,099 (256GB); cellular – Dh3,099 (64GB) / Dh3,699 (256GB)
Directed by: Craig Gillespie
Starring: Emma Stone, Emma Thompson, Joel Fry
4/5
Sting & Shaggy
44/876
(Interscope)
MATCH INFO
Uefa Champions League, last-16 second leg
Paris Saint-Germain (1) v Borussia Dortmund (2)
Kick-off: Midnight, Thursday, March 12
Stadium: Parc des Princes
Live: On beIN Sports HD
More from Neighbourhood Watch:
The specs: Volvo XC40
Price: base / as tested: Dh185,000
Engine: 2.0-litre, turbocharged in-line four-cylinder
Gearbox: Eight-speed automatic
Power: 250hp @ 5,500rpm
Torque: 350Nm @ 1,500rpm
Fuel economy, combined: 10.4L / 100km
MORE ON THE US DEMOCRATIC PRIMARIES
Squads
India (for first three ODIs) Kohli (capt), Rohit, Rahul, Pandey, Jadhav, Rahane, Dhoni, Pandya, Axar, Kuldeep, Chahal, Bumrah, Bhuvneshwar, Umesh, Shami.
Australia Smith (capt), Warner, Agar, Cartwright, Coulter-Nile, Cummins, Faulkner, Finch, Head, Maxwell, Richardson, Stoinis, Wade, Zampa.
Russia's Muslim Heartlands
Dominic Rubin, Oxford
Cricket World Cup League Two
Teams
Oman, UAE, Namibia
Al Amerat, Muscat
Results
Oman beat UAE by five wickets
UAE beat Namibia by eight runs
Namibia beat Oman by 52 runs
UAE beat Namibia by eight wickets
Fixtures
Saturday January 11 - UAE v Oman
Sunday January 12 – Oman v Namibia
THE BIO
Born: Mukalla, Yemen, 1979
Education: UAE University, Al Ain
Family: Married with two daughters: Asayel, 7, and Sara, 6
Favourite piece of music: Horse Dance by Naseer Shamma
Favourite book: Science and geology
Favourite place to travel to: Washington DC
Best advice you’ve ever been given: If you have a dream, you have to believe it, then you will see it.
UK record temperature
38.7C (101.7F) set in Cambridge in 2019
WHAT IS GRAPHENE?
It was discovered in 2004, when Russian-born Manchester scientists Andrei Geim and Kostya Novoselov were experimenting with sticky tape and graphite, the material used as lead in pencils.
Placing the tape on the graphite and peeling it, they managed to rip off thin flakes of carbon. In the beginning they got flakes consisting of many layers of graphene. But when they repeated the process many times, the flakes got thinner.
By separating the graphite fragments repeatedly, they managed to create flakes that were just one atom thick. Their experiment led to graphene being isolated for the very first time.
In 2010, Geim and Novoselov were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.
MORE ON IRAN'S PROXY WARS
Company Profile
Name: Direct Debit System
Started: Sept 2017
Based: UAE with a subsidiary in the UK
Industry: FinTech
Funding: Undisclosed
Investors: Elaine Jones
Number of employees: 8
Most polluted cities in the Middle East
1. Baghdad, Iraq
2. Manama, Bahrain
3. Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
4. Kuwait City, Kuwait
5. Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
6. Ash Shihaniyah, Qatar
7. Abu Dhabi, UAE
8. Cairo, Egypt
9. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
10. Dubai, UAE
Source: 2022 World Air Quality Report
MOST POLLUTED COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD
1. Chad
2. Iraq
3. Pakistan
4. Bahrain
5. Bangladesh
6. Burkina Faso
7. Kuwait
8. India
9. Egypt
10. Tajikistan
Source: 2022 World Air Quality Report
Company profile
Date started: January, 2014
Founders: Mike Dawson, Varuna Singh, and Benita Rowe
Based: Dubai
Sector: Education technology
Size: Five employees
Investment: $100,000 from the ExpoLive Innovation Grant programme in 2018 and an initial $30,000 pre-seed investment from the Turn8 Accelerator in 2014. Most of the projects are government funded.
Partners/incubators: Turn8 Accelerator; In5 Innovation Centre; Expo Live Innovation Impact Grant Programme; Dubai Future Accelerators; FHI 360; VSO and Consult and Coach for a Cause (C3)
The Details
Kabir Singh
Produced by: Cinestaan Studios, T-Series
Directed by: Sandeep Reddy Vanga
Starring: Shahid Kapoor, Kiara Advani, Suresh Oberoi, Soham Majumdar, Arjun Pahwa
Rating: 2.5/5
Company profile
Name: Infinite8
Based: Dubai
Launch year: 2017
Number of employees: 90
Sector: Online gaming industry
Funding: $1.2m from a UAE angel investor
COMPANY PROFILE
Company name: Klipit
Started: 2022
Founders: Venkat Reddy, Mohammed Al Bulooki, Bilal Merchant, Asif Ahmed, Ovais Merchant
Based: Dubai, UAE
Industry: Digital receipts, finance, blockchain
Funding: $4 million
Investors: Privately/self-funded
MATCH INFO
World Cup qualifier
Thailand 2 (Dangda 26', Panya 51')
UAE 1 (Mabkhout 45+2')
The biog
Born: near Sialkot, Pakistan, 1981
Profession: Driver
Family: wife, son (11), daughter (8)
Favourite drink: chai karak
Favourite place in Dubai: The neighbourhood of Khawaneej. “When I see the old houses over there, near the date palms, I can be reminded of my old times. If I don’t go down I cannot recall my old times.”
The alternatives
• Founded in 2014, Telr is a payment aggregator and gateway with an office in Silicon Oasis. It’s e-commerce entry plan costs Dh349 monthly (plus VAT). QR codes direct customers to an online payment page and merchants can generate payments through messaging apps.
• Business Bay’s Pallapay claims 40,000-plus active merchants who can invoice customers and receive payment by card. Fees range from 1.99 per cent plus Dh1 per transaction depending on payment method and location, such as online or via UAE mobile.
• Tap started in May 2013 in Kuwait, allowing Middle East businesses to bill, accept, receive and make payments online “easier, faster and smoother” via goSell and goCollect. It supports more than 10,000 merchants. Monthly fees range from US$65-100, plus card charges of 2.75-3.75 per cent and Dh1.2 per sale.
• 2checkout’s “all-in-one payment gateway and merchant account” accepts payments in 200-plus markets for 2.4-3.9 per cent, plus a Dh1.2-Dh1.8 currency conversion charge. The US provider processes online shop and mobile transactions and has 17,000-plus active digital commerce users.
• PayPal is probably the best-known online goods payment method - usually used for eBay purchases - but can be used to receive funds, providing everyone’s signed up. Costs from 2.9 per cent plus Dh1.2 per transaction.
More on animal trafficking
SERIE A FIXTURES
Friday Sassuolo v Torino (Kick-off 10.45pm UAE)
Saturday Atalanta v Sampdoria (5pm),
Genoa v Inter Milan (8pm),
Lazio v Bologna (10.45pm)
Sunday Cagliari v Crotone (3.30pm)
Benevento v Napoli (6pm)
Parma v Spezia (6pm)
Fiorentina v Udinese (9pm)
Juventus v Hellas Verona (11.45pm)
Monday AC Milan v AS Roma (11.45pm)
The most expensive investment mistake you will ever make
When is the best time to start saving in a pension? The answer is simple – at the earliest possible moment. The first pound, euro, dollar or dirham you invest is the most valuable, as it has so much longer to grow in value. If you start in your twenties, it could be invested for 40 years or more, which means you have decades for compound interest to work its magic.
“You get growth upon growth upon growth, followed by more growth. The earlier you start the process, the more it will all roll up,” says Chris Davies, chartered financial planner at The Fry Group in Dubai.
This table shows how much you would have in your pension at age 65, depending on when you start and how much you pay in (it assumes your investments grow 7 per cent a year after charges and you have no other savings).
Age
|
$250 a month
|
$500 a month
|
$1,000 a month
|
25
|
$640,829
|
$1,281,657
|
$2,563,315
|
35
|
$303,219
|
$606,439
|
$1,212,877
|
45
|
$131,596
|
$263,191
|
$526,382
|
55
|
$44,351
|
$88,702
|
$177,403
|
Sinopharm vaccine explained
The Sinopharm vaccine was created using techniques that have been around for decades.
“This is an inactivated vaccine. Simply what it means is that the virus is taken, cultured and inactivated," said Dr Nawal Al Kaabi, chair of the UAE's National Covid-19 Clinical Management Committee.
"What is left is a skeleton of the virus so it looks like a virus, but it is not live."
This is then injected into the body.
"The body will recognise it and form antibodies but because it is inactive, we will need more than one dose. The body will not develop immunity with one dose," she said.
"You have to be exposed more than one time to what we call the antigen."
The vaccine should offer protection for at least months, but no one knows how long beyond that.
Dr Al Kaabi said early vaccine volunteers in China were given shots last spring and still have antibodies today.
“Since it is inactivated, it will not last forever," she said.
Company profile
Name: Fruitful Day
Founders: Marie-Christine Luijckx, Lyla Dalal AlRawi, Lindsey Fournie
Based: Dubai, UAE
Founded: 2015
Number of employees: 30
Sector: F&B
Funding so far: Dh3 million
Future funding plans: None at present
Future markets: Saudi Arabia, potentially Kuwait and other GCC countries
Company profile
Company name: Ogram
Started: 2017
Founders: Karim Kouatly and Shafiq Khartabil
Based: Dubai, UAE
Industry: On-demand staffing
Number of employees: 50
Funding: More than $4 million
Funding round: Series A
Investors: Global Ventures, Aditum and Oraseya Capital
Starring: Jamie Foxx, Angela Bassett, Tina Fey
Directed by: Pete Doctor
Rating: 4 stars
The five pillars of Islam
THE DETAILS
Deadpool 2
Dir: David Leitch
Starring: Ryan Reynolds, Josh Brolin, Justin Dennison, Zazie Beetz
Four stars
FULL FIGHT CARD
Featherweight Bout:
Abdullah Al Qahtani v Taha Bendaoud
Bantamweight Bout:
Ali Taleb v Nawras Abzakh
Bantamweight Bout:
Xavier Alaoui v Rachid El Hazoume
Featherweight Bout:
Islam Reda v Adam Meskini
Bantamweight Bout:
Tariq Ismail v Jalal Al Daaja
Bantamweight Bout:
Elias Boudegzdame v Hassan Mandour
Amateur Female Atomweight Bout:
Hattan Al Saif v Nada Faheem
Featherweight Bout:
Maraoune Bellagouit v Motaz Askar
Featherweight Bout:
Ahmed Tarek v Abdelrahman Alhyasat
Showcase Featherweight Bout:
Mido Mohamed v Yazeed Hasanain
Showcase Flyweight Bout:
Malik Basahel v Harsh Pandya
The Limehouse Golem
Director: Juan Carlos Medina
Cast: Olivia Cooke, Bill Nighy, Douglas Booth
Three stars
Company Profile
Company name: Cargoz
Date started: January 2022
Founders: Premlal Pullisserry and Lijo Antony
Based: Dubai
Number of staff: 30
Investment stage: Seed
MATCH DETAILS
Juventus 2 (Bonucci 36, Ronaldo 90+6)
Genoa 1 (Kouame 40)
How the UAE gratuity payment is calculated now
Employees leaving an organisation are entitled to an end-of-service gratuity after completing at least one year of service.
The tenure is calculated on the number of days worked and does not include lengthy leave periods, such as a sabbatical. If you have worked for a company between one and five years, you are paid 21 days of pay based on your final basic salary. After five years, however, you are entitled to 30 days of pay. The total lump sum you receive is based on the duration of your employment.
1. For those who have worked between one and five years, on a basic salary of Dh10,000 (calculation based on 30 days):
a. Dh10,000 ÷ 30 = Dh333.33. Your daily wage is Dh333.33
b. Dh333.33 x 21 = Dh7,000. So 21 days salary equates to Dh7,000 in gratuity entitlement for each year of service. Multiply this figure for every year of service up to five years.
2. For those who have worked more than five years
c. 333.33 x 30 = Dh10,000. So 30 days’ salary is Dh10,000 in gratuity entitlement for each year of service.
Note: The maximum figure cannot exceed two years total salary figure.
Springtime in a Broken Mirror,
Mario Benedetti, Penguin Modern Classics
The Roundup : No Way Out
Director: Lee Sang-yong
Stars: Don Lee, Lee Jun-hyuk, Munetaka Aoki
Rating: 3/5
Confirmed bouts (more to be added)
Cory Sandhagen v Umar Nurmagomedov
Nick Diaz v Vicente Luque
Michael Chiesa v Tony Ferguson
Deiveson Figueiredo v Marlon Vera
Mackenzie Dern v Loopy Godinez
Tickets for the August 3 Fight Night, held in partnership with the Department of Culture and Tourism Abu Dhabi, went on sale earlier this month, through www.etihadarena.ae and www.ticketmaster.ae.
Common OCD symptoms and how they manifest
Checking: the obsession or thoughts focus on some harm coming from things not being as they should, which usually centre around the theme of safety. For example, the obsession is “the building will burn down”, therefore the compulsion is checking that the oven is switched off.
Contamination: the obsession is focused on the presence of germs, dirt or harmful bacteria and how this will impact the person and/or their loved ones. For example, the obsession is “the floor is dirty; me and my family will get sick and die”, the compulsion is repetitive cleaning.
Orderliness: the obsession is a fear of sitting with uncomfortable feelings, or to prevent harm coming to oneself or others. Objectively there appears to be no logical link between the obsession and compulsion. For example,” I won’t feel right if the jars aren’t lined up” or “harm will come to my family if I don’t line up all the jars”, so the compulsion is therefore lining up the jars.
Intrusive thoughts: the intrusive thought is usually highly distressing and repetitive. Common examples may include thoughts of perpetrating violence towards others, harming others, or questions over one’s character or deeds, usually in conflict with the person’s true values. An example would be: “I think I might hurt my family”, which in turn leads to the compulsion of avoiding social gatherings.
Hoarding: the intrusive thought is the overvaluing of objects or possessions, while the compulsion is stashing or hoarding these items and refusing to let them go. For example, “this newspaper may come in useful one day”, therefore, the compulsion is hoarding newspapers instead of discarding them the next day.
Source: Dr Robert Chandler, clinical psychologist at Lighthouse Arabia
Company profile
Company name: Fasset
Started: 2019
Founders: Mohammad Raafi Hossain, Daniel Ahmed
Based: Dubai
Sector: FinTech
Initial investment: $2.45 million
Current number of staff: 86
Investment stage: Pre-series B
Investors: Investcorp, Liberty City Ventures, Fatima Gobi Ventures, Primal Capital, Wealthwell Ventures, FHS Capital, VN2 Capital, local family offices