![Portrait of Saladin (1560) by Cristofano Dell Altissimo. Saladin (1137 or 1138 ? 1193), known as ?ala? ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub the first sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of their Ayyubid dynasty. Saladin led the Muslim opposition to the European Crusaders in the Levant. At the height of his power, his sultanate included Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Hejaz, Yemen and other parts of North Africa. (Photo by: Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)](https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/v2/KBQT63UKQ3PIR4E5SM56WBCRE4.jpg?smart=true&auth=89ab5910dd1a8f3a939822842158478efb13ebc8d2075fd6ea781a8b625fc80a&width=400&height=225)
Portrait of Saladin (1560) by Cristofano Dell Altissimo. Getty
Portrait of Saladin (1560) by Cristofano Dell Altissimo. Getty
The story behind Saladin: Charting the life of the rallying historic figure of the Arab world
British academic Jonathan Phillips tells how he compiled his richly textured tale of the ruler