A new project traces the history of the UAE's urban design


Melissa Gronlund
  • English
  • Arabic

In a building off one of Masdar City’s shaded, windy plazas is the Sustainable Critical Infrastructure Programme at the Masdar Institute. One of the few urban design studies programmes in the region, it was set up four years ago by Dubai-born architect and urban designer Khaled Alawadi. There, students research not just the built environment, but how the urban landscape interacts with social rituals, economic diversity, and people’s daily routines: all the unplanned, unexpected, minute and important events that make up life in the city.

Somewhat marooned in the middle of the design lab's still-shiny halls is a sequence of enclosed cubicles of frosted glass that the students label "fish tanks". Alawadi, a conscientious, meticulous man, occupies one at the end of a hallway: inside is a tiny little room, complete with table, chairs, two computers, and a bookshelf at eye height on which urban design books are stacked flat in evenly spaced piles. The urban designer is the curator for the UAE's National Pavilion at this year's Architectural Exhibition of the Venice Biennale; the international exhibition takes place in Venice from May to November, and in which the UAE is participating for the third time. Alawadi's subject, Lifescapes Beyond Bigness, is one he's been researching and publishing on for a long time. He brings a holistic perspective to the UAE's development, looking not only at how its architecture progressed, but also how that connects to the development of roads, facilities, and, more basically, people.

"We are talking about the social aspects of the cities as well as the physical aspect," says Alawadi. "Our work pays attention to people's daily experiences and daily activities at the human scale."

Alawadi divides the development of the UAE into three stages: inception, dispersion and bigness.

Inception was the first stage, when small city blocks were built, with a variety of shops and kinds of houses close to each other, where children played among the alleyways, plastic chairs were dragged out into the sand for impromptu catch-ups, and people walked to the shops for their daily needs.

Dispersion, which began in the 1980s, was the spread of suburbs beyond the city centre. “Dispersion was the rise of the automobiles, and the demise of the human scale,” says Alawadi. “Small city blocks were replaced by larger blocks; the mixed system was swapped with single use. The streets that were packed by people were packed by automobiles.”

"After dispersion: bigness," he says. "After [the year] 2000, planners started to embrace neoliberalisation and the city enhanced the role of the private sector in city design and development. You had scaled-up architecture – spectacular architecture, star architecture. This urban model dominated our city, privatised the public realm and large sections of our life. The social content is lost. Those neighbourhoods lost density and diversity."

But, he says, pockets of human-scale architecture remain, in neighbourhoods such as Al Khalidiyah and Baniyas in Abu Dhabi, and Al Satwa and Al Shorta in Dubai. (Alawadi's research for the National Pavilion focuses on Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Al Ain, but, at a recent talk held at New York University Abu Dhabi, he expressed his desire to next research the Northern Emirates.) There, you see the kind of mixed-use, high-density involvement that brings people to the streets and encourages a mix of social classes and nationalities.

Alawadi is using the platform of the National Pavilion to recognise and celebrate these areas – perhaps saving them from demolition, and more generally guiding urban design in the region to take stock of the larger system in which new buildings sit. "I'm not saying, let's reject bigness, let's reject dispersion and suburbanisation," he says. "These are common realities; they are part of the economic strategy, and suburbanisation provides some social benefits too – people like privacy, they like big yards. I'm saying let's improve them. Let's create a new model for the suburb of the future."

Standing on the streets tracking residents' routines, conducting interviews with people of many nationalities and all ages, logging the kinds of neighbourhood shops and restaurants, Alawadi and his researchers created what they call an "inventory" of the UAE's human-scale landscapes. In Venice, they will display maps and photos to demonstrate their findings.

“My hope is that this inventory will renew urban design ideals and practice and theory in the region, and guide them beyond their dead end,” he says.

Such a validation of small, organic spaces over top-down, master-planned ideals draws upon the work of 1960s urban thinkers and the New Urbanism movement, which promoted walkable spaces, centres with a variety of facilities, and architecture that is appropriate to its context. (Alawadi jokes that he includes a true/false question on his exams concerning the exact wording of one of the earliest and most important works in this field, by the New York urbanist Jane Jacobs: is it The Life and Death of Great American Cities or The Death and Life of Great American Cities? His students, he says with an air of bemused resignation, tend to fail.) And, to a certain extent, this lack of human-scale activity is what many migrants to the Gulf remark upon when they arrive: the fact that Dubai and Abu Dhabi are not walkable cities will be news to few. But Alawadi's work is among the first to apply these insights to the Gulf, to underline exactly how Gulf cities' design relates to their social health, and to use the Gulf as test cases for other developing cities – a project he calls an "ethical responsibility".

Born in Dubai in 1979, he began his studies in architecture during the Dubai boom, but quickly realised that architecture alone could not address the scope of the changes to daily life that the UAE's rapid development was ushering in.

After completing his PhD at the University of Texas-Austin in 2012, he returned, continued his research, and helped set up the lab at Masdar Institute, guiding it through its accreditation process (it now offers master's and PhD degrees). He has helped to put the country's development in line with a global dialogue over architecture and urban design and says his findings are being listened to. Dubai Municipality send staff to the Masdar design lab for training, and the research book that will be published for the Biennale contains an essay by one of the urban designers from the Abu Dhabi Department of Planning and Municipalities – a body which, Alawadi says, has taken steps away from bigness.

"In Abu Dhabi," he says. "There's been an effort to provide better community facilities, so that we are less dependent on the big boxes." These actions help return the human scale to the foreground of thinking about design. It's a last stage that he calls "redemption".

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Zakat definitions

Zakat: an Arabic word meaning ‘to cleanse’ or ‘purification’.

Nisab: the minimum amount that a Muslim must have before being obliged to pay zakat. Traditionally, the nisab threshold was 87.48 grams of gold, or 612.36 grams of silver. The monetary value of the nisab therefore varies by current prices and currencies.

Zakat Al Mal: the ‘cleansing’ of wealth, as one of the five pillars of Islam; a spiritual duty for all Muslims meeting the ‘nisab’ wealth criteria in a lunar year, to pay 2.5 per cent of their wealth in alms to the deserving and needy.

Zakat Al Fitr: a donation to charity given during Ramadan, before Eid Al Fitr, in the form of food. Every adult Muslim who possesses food in excess of the needs of themselves and their family must pay two qadahs (an old measure just over 2 kilograms) of flour, wheat, barley or rice from each person in a household, as a minimum.

Volvo ES90 Specs

Engine: Electric single motor (96kW), twin motor (106kW) and twin motor performance (106kW)

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Torque: 480Nm, 670Nm, 870Nm

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Price: Exact regional pricing TBA

While you're here
COMPANY%20PROFILE
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Other key dates
  • Finals draw: December 2
  • Finals (including semi-finals and third-placed game): June 5–9, 2019
  • Euro 2020 play-off draw: November 22, 2019
  • Euro 2020 play-offs: March 26–31, 2020
THE DEALS

Hamilton $60m x 2 = $120m

Vettel $45m x 2 = $90m

Ricciardo $35m x 2 = $70m

Verstappen $55m x 3 = $165m

Leclerc $20m x 2 = $40m

TOTAL $485m

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RACECARD

4.30pm Jebel Jais – Maiden (PA) Dh60,000 (Turf) 1,000m
5pm: Jabel Faya – Maiden (PA) Dh60,000 (T) 1,000m
5.30pm: Al Wathba Stallions Cup – Handicap (PA) Dh70,000 (T) 2,200m
6pm: The President’s Cup Prep – Conditions (PA) Dh100,000 (T) 2,200m
6.30pm: Abu Dhabi Equestrian Club – Prestige (PA) Dh125,000 (T) 1,600m
7pm: Al Ruwais – Group 3 (PA) Dh300,000 (T) 1,200m
7.30pm: Jebel Hafeet – Maiden (TB) Dh80,000 (T) 1,400m

Usain Bolt's World Championships record

2007 Osaka

200m Silver

4x100m relay Silver

 

2009 Berlin

100m Gold

200m Gold

4x100m relay Gold

 

2011 Daegu

100m Disqualified in final for false start

200m Gold

4x100m relay Gold

 

2013 Moscow

100m Gold

200m Gold

4x100m relay Gold

 

2015 Beijing

100m Gold

200m Gold

4x100m relay Gold

 

New Zealand squad

Tim Southee (capt), Trent Boult (games 4 and 5), Colin de Grandhomme, Lockie Ferguson (games 1-3), Martin Guptill, Scott Kuggeleijn, Daryl Mitchell, Colin Munro, Jimmy Neesham, Mitchell Santner, Tim Seifert, Ish Sodhi, Ross Taylor, Blair Tickner

The specs: 2019 Audi A7 Sportback

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Engine: 3.0-litre V6

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Real estate tokenisation project

Dubai launched the pilot phase of its real estate tokenisation project last month.

The initiative focuses on converting real estate assets into digital tokens recorded on blockchain technology and helps in streamlining the process of buying, selling and investing, the Dubai Land Department said.

Dubai’s real estate tokenisation market is projected to reach Dh60 billion ($16.33 billion) by 2033, representing 7 per cent of the emirate’s total property transactions, according to the DLD.

The%20specs
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Our family matters legal consultant

Name: Hassan Mohsen Elhais

Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
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The%20specs
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Company%C2%A0profile
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The%20specs
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SPECS
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SPECS
%3Cp%3E%0D%3Cstrong%3EEngine%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%204.0-litre%20twin-turbo%20V8%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPower%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20750hp%20at%207%2C500rpm%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETorque%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20800Nm%20at%205%2C500rpm%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETransmission%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%207%20Speed%20dual-clutch%20auto%0D%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETop%20speed%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20332kph%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFuel%20consumption%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%2012.2L%2F100km%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EOn%20sale%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EYear%20end%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPrice%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20From%20Dh1%2C430%2C000%20(coupe)%3B%20From%20Dh1%2C566%2C000%20(Spider)%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
The specs

Engine: 1.5-litre, 4-cylinder turbo

Transmission: CVT

Power: 170bhp

Torque: 220Nm

Price: Dh98,900

Match info

Bournemouth 0
Liverpool 4
(Salah 25', 48', 76', Cook 68' OG)

Man of the match: Andrew Robertson (Liverpool)

SPEC%20SHEET%3A%20APPLE%20M3%20MACBOOK%20AIR%20(13%22)
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EProcessor%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Apple%20M3%2C%208-core%20CPU%2C%20up%20to%2010-core%20CPU%2C%2016-core%20Neural%20Engine%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EDisplay%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%2013.6-inch%20Liquid%20Retina%2C%202560%20x%201664%2C%20224ppi%2C%20500%20nits%2C%20True%20Tone%2C%20wide%20colour%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EMemory%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%208%2F16%2F24GB%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EStorage%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20256%2F512GB%20%2F%201%2F2TB%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EI%2FO%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Thunderbolt%203%2FUSB-4%20(2)%2C%203.5mm%20audio%2C%20Touch%20ID%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EConnectivity%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Wi-Fi%206E%2C%20Bluetooth%205.3%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EBattery%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%2052.6Wh%20lithium-polymer%2C%20up%20to%2018%20hours%2C%20MagSafe%20charging%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ECamera%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%201080p%20FaceTime%20HD%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EVideo%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Support%20for%20Apple%20ProRes%2C%20HDR%20with%20Dolby%20Vision%2C%20HDR10%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EAudio%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%204-speaker%20system%2C%20wide%20stereo%2C%20support%20for%20Dolby%20Atmos%2C%20Spatial%20Audio%20and%20dynamic%20head%20tracking%20(with%20AirPods)%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EColours%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Midnight%2C%20silver%2C%20space%20grey%2C%20starlight%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EIn%20the%20box%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20MacBook%20Air%2C%2030W%2F35W%20dual-port%2F70w%20power%20adapter%2C%20USB-C-to-MagSafe%20cable%2C%202%20Apple%20stickers%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EPrice%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20From%20Dh4%2C599%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
THE%20SWIMMERS
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What are the influencer academy modules?
  1. Mastery of audio-visual content creation. 
  2. Cinematography, shots and movement.
  3. All aspects of post-production.
  4. Emerging technologies and VFX with AI and CGI.
  5. Understanding of marketing objectives and audience engagement.
  6. Tourism industry knowledge.
  7. Professional ethics.
CONFIRMED%20LINE-UP
%3Cp%3EElena%20Rybakina%20(Kazakhstan)%0D%3Cbr%3EOns%20Jabeur%20(Tunisia)%0D%3Cbr%3EMaria%20Sakkari%20(Greece)%0D%3Cbr%3EBarbora%20Krej%C4%8D%C3%ADkov%C3%A1%20(Czech%20Republic)%0D%3Cbr%3EBeatriz%20Haddad%20Maia%20(Brazil)%0D%3Cbr%3EJe%C4%BCena%20Ostapenko%20(Latvia)%0D%3Cbr%3ELiudmila%20Samsonova%0D%3Cbr%3EDaria%20Kasatkina%E2%80%AF%0D%3Cbr%3EVeronika%20Kudermetova%E2%80%AF%0D%3Cbr%3ECaroline%20Garcia%20(France)%E2%80%AF%0D%3Cbr%3EMagda%20Linette%20(Poland)%E2%80%AF%0D%3Cbr%3ESorana%20C%C3%AErstea%20(Romania)%E2%80%AF%0D%3Cbr%3EAnastasia%20Potapova%E2%80%AF%0D%3Cbr%3EAnhelina%20Kalinina%20(Ukraine)%E2%80%AF%E2%80%AF%0D%3Cbr%3EJasmine%20Paolini%20(Italy)%E2%80%AF%0D%3Cbr%3EEmma%20Navarro%20(USA)%E2%80%AF%0D%3Cbr%3ELesia%20Tsurenko%20(Ukraine)%0D%3Cbr%3ENaomi%20Osaka%20(Japan)%20-%20wildcard%0D%3Cbr%3EEmma%20Raducanu%20(Great%20Britain)%20-%20wildcard%3Cbr%3EAlexandra%20Eala%20(Philippines)%20-%20wildcard%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
F1 line ups in 2018

Mercedes-GP Lewis Hamilton and Valtteri Bottas; Ferrari Sebastian Vettel and Kimi Raikkonen; Red Bull Daniel Ricciardo and Max Verstappen; Force India Esteban Ocon and Sergio Perez; Renault Nico Hülkenberg and Carlos Sainz Jr; Williams Lance Stroll and Felipe Massa / Robert Kubica / Paul di Resta; McLaren Fernando Alonso and Stoffel Vandoorne; Toro Rosso TBA; Haas F1 Romain Grosjean and Kevin Magnussen; Sauber TBA