A little over 200 years ago, Thomas Malthus, a Cambridge academic and Anglican priest, wrote a highly influential text that made Malthus an "ism" in his own life time. Its key ideas still resonate strongly today.
The central argument of Malthusianism proposes that population growth - if left unchecked - will always outstrip natural resources, leading inevitably to poverty, pestilence and famine. For Malthus this was just Mother Nature being cruel to be kind, tough-love at the population level.
Since Malthus's time, technological advances in areas such as agriculture and health have enabled us to attain and sustain ever larger and denser human populations. And rather than famine many nations presently suffer the opposite problem, namely overnutrition.
There are of course downsides to our increasingly dense populations; one issue I'm particularly interested in is the apparent link between dense populations and mental illness.
There's been a lot of research looking at this relationship between population density (number of people per square kilometre) and mental health. Possibly the most convincing study to date was published in the British Journal of Psychiatry in 2004.
This particular study followed the entire Swedish population (4.4 million people aged 25 to 64) over a four-year period. The study found that in localities where population density increased, so too did the incidence rates for psychosis and depression. Those living in the most densely populated areas had a 68 per cent greater risk of developing psychosis - and a 20 per cent greater risk of major depression - than those living in the least densely populated areas.
Closer to home, a study undertaken by researchers at United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), published in the International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, set out to obtain baseline data on the mental health of the UAE's elderly population.
This study used a random sample of 843 households across Al Ain, Ras Al Khaimah and Dubai. Overall the finding suggested rates of depression and anxiety comparable with other international studies which, by itself, is pretty unremarkable.
What is interesting however, is that when the researchers looked more closely at the data they found that the prevalence of depression for Dubai was 29 per cent, which was significantly higher than that for Al Ain (11 per cent) and RAK (12 per cent).
As in the Swedish study, the researchers took into consideration important demographic variables. But even after controlling for these the Dubai residents still showed significantly higher rates of depression. Population density is one possible explanation for this finding; Dubai is far more urbanised than either RAK or Al Ain.
As part of our own emotion-focused research programme at Zayed University, called Arabia Felix, we decided to undertake a small study to further explore the population density hypothesis here in the UAE. Dr Mouza Mohammed Al Yahed and I set out to study depressive symptoms amongst two distinct communities in RAK.
One group were urban city-centre dwellers, the other group resided in the less populated Al Humrania district. All participants were adult Emiratis attending primary healthcare clinics, and both groups were roughly matched for age, gender and marital status. And as we predicted, rural dwelling Al Humrania residents had significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms than their urban compatriots.
Why is this? One possible explanation concerns the levels of stress and social support people experience in population-dense urban environments. Compared to rural residents, research suggests people in cities experience more stress and less social support. Paradoxically, our biggest, most population-dense cities can be the loneliest places on the planet.
Perhaps future advances in technology will address the psychological aspects of our mass living arrangements. By 2030 the Earth's population is expected to reach 8 billion, the same year depression is projected to become the world's second leading burden of illness, and No. 1 for women. Our technological triumphs have undoubtedly helped us sustain huge populations, but so far they have contributed very little to our psychological well-being.
Justin Thomas is an assistant professor of psychology at Zayed University
COMPANY PROFILE
Company name: Revibe
Started: 2022
Founders: Hamza Iraqui and Abdessamad Ben Zakour
Based: UAE
Industry: Refurbished electronics
Funds raised so far: $10m
Investors: Flat6Labs, Resonance and various others
Lampedusa: Gateway to Europe
Pietro Bartolo and Lidia Tilotta
Quercus
THE BIO: Martin Van Almsick
Hometown: Cologne, Germany
Family: Wife Hanan Ahmed and their three children, Marrah (23), Tibijan (19), Amon (13)
Favourite dessert: Umm Ali with dark camel milk chocolate flakes
Favourite hobby: Football
Breakfast routine: a tall glass of camel milk
The biog
Favourite book: You Are the Placebo – Making your mind matter, by Dr Joe Dispenza
Hobby: Running and watching Welsh rugby
Travel destination: Cyprus in the summer
Life goals: To be an aspirational and passionate University educator, enjoy life, be healthy and be the best dad possible.
Living in...
This article is part of a guide on where to live in the UAE. Our reporters will profile some of the country’s most desirable districts, provide an estimate of rental prices and introduce you to some of the residents who call each area home.
Profile Box
Company/date started: 2015
Founder/CEO: Mohammed Toraif
Based: Manama, Bahrain
Sector: Sales, Technology, Conservation
Size: (employees/revenue) 4/ 5,000 downloads
Stage: 1 ($100,000)
Investors: Two first-round investors including, 500 Startups, Fawaz Al Gosaibi Holding (Saudi Arabia)
What is the Supreme Petroleum Council?
The Abu Dhabi Supreme Petroleum Council was established in 1988 and is the highest governing body in Abu Dhabi’s oil and gas industry. The council formulates, oversees and executes the emirate’s petroleum-related policies. It also approves the allocation of capital spending across state-owned Adnoc’s upstream, downstream and midstream operations and functions as the company’s board of directors. The SPC’s mandate is also required for auctioning oil and gas concessions in Abu Dhabi and for awarding blocks to international oil companies. The council is chaired by Sheikh Khalifa, the President and Ruler of Abu Dhabi while Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, Abu Dhabi’s Crown Prince and Deputy Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, is the vice chairman.
SCORES
Yorkshire Vikings 144-1 in 12.5 overs
(Tom Kohler 72 not out, Harry Broook 42 not out)
bt Hobart Hurricanes 140-7 in 20 overs
(Caleb Jewell 38, Sean Willis 35, Karl Carver 2-29, Josh Shaw 2-39)
Tank warfare
Lt Gen Erik Petersen, deputy chief of programs, US Army, has argued it took a+“three decade holiday” on modernising tanks.
“There clearly remains a significant armoured heavy ground manoeuvre threat in this world and maintaining a world class armoured force is absolutely vital,” the general said in London last week.
“We are developing next generation capabilities to compete with and deter adversaries to prevent opportunism or miscalculation, and, if necessary, defeat any foe decisively.”
Itcan profile
Founders: Mansour Althani and Abdullah Althani
Based: Business Bay, with offices in Saudi Arabia, Egypt and India
Sector: Technology, digital marketing and e-commerce
Size: 70 employees
Revenue: On track to make Dh100 million in revenue this year since its 2015 launch
Funding: Self-funded to date
SPEC SHEET
Display: 10.9" Liquid Retina IPS, 2360 x 1640, 264ppi, wide colour, True Tone, Apple Pencil support
Chip: Apple M1, 8-core CPU, 8-core GPU, 16-core Neural Engine
Memory: 64/256GB storage; 8GB RAM
Main camera: 12MP wide, f/1.8, Smart HDR
Video: 4K @ 25/25/30/60fps, full HD @ 25/30/60fps, slo-mo @ 120/240fps
Front camera: 12MP ultra-wide, f/2.4, Smart HDR, Centre Stage; full HD @ 25/30/60fps
Audio: Stereo speakers
Biometrics: Touch ID
I/O: USB-C, smart connector (for folio/keyboard)
Battery: Up to 10 hours on Wi-Fi; up to 9 hours on cellular
Finish: Space grey, starlight, pink, purple, blue
Price: Wi-Fi – Dh2,499 (64GB) / Dh3,099 (256GB); cellular – Dh3,099 (64GB) / Dh3,699 (256GB)
Directed by: Craig Gillespie
Starring: Emma Stone, Emma Thompson, Joel Fry
4/5
Sting & Shaggy
44/876
(Interscope)
MATCH INFO
Uefa Champions League, last-16 second leg
Paris Saint-Germain (1) v Borussia Dortmund (2)
Kick-off: Midnight, Thursday, March 12
Stadium: Parc des Princes
Live: On beIN Sports HD
More from Neighbourhood Watch:
The specs: Volvo XC40
Price: base / as tested: Dh185,000
Engine: 2.0-litre, turbocharged in-line four-cylinder
Gearbox: Eight-speed automatic
Power: 250hp @ 5,500rpm
Torque: 350Nm @ 1,500rpm
Fuel economy, combined: 10.4L / 100km
MORE ON THE US DEMOCRATIC PRIMARIES
Squads
India (for first three ODIs) Kohli (capt), Rohit, Rahul, Pandey, Jadhav, Rahane, Dhoni, Pandya, Axar, Kuldeep, Chahal, Bumrah, Bhuvneshwar, Umesh, Shami.
Australia Smith (capt), Warner, Agar, Cartwright, Coulter-Nile, Cummins, Faulkner, Finch, Head, Maxwell, Richardson, Stoinis, Wade, Zampa.
Russia's Muslim Heartlands
Dominic Rubin, Oxford
Cricket World Cup League Two
Teams
Oman, UAE, Namibia
Al Amerat, Muscat
Results
Oman beat UAE by five wickets
UAE beat Namibia by eight runs
Namibia beat Oman by 52 runs
UAE beat Namibia by eight wickets
Fixtures
Saturday January 11 - UAE v Oman
Sunday January 12 – Oman v Namibia
THE BIO
Born: Mukalla, Yemen, 1979
Education: UAE University, Al Ain
Family: Married with two daughters: Asayel, 7, and Sara, 6
Favourite piece of music: Horse Dance by Naseer Shamma
Favourite book: Science and geology
Favourite place to travel to: Washington DC
Best advice you’ve ever been given: If you have a dream, you have to believe it, then you will see it.
UK record temperature
38.7C (101.7F) set in Cambridge in 2019
WHAT IS GRAPHENE?
It was discovered in 2004, when Russian-born Manchester scientists Andrei Geim and Kostya Novoselov were experimenting with sticky tape and graphite, the material used as lead in pencils.
Placing the tape on the graphite and peeling it, they managed to rip off thin flakes of carbon. In the beginning they got flakes consisting of many layers of graphene. But when they repeated the process many times, the flakes got thinner.
By separating the graphite fragments repeatedly, they managed to create flakes that were just one atom thick. Their experiment led to graphene being isolated for the very first time.
In 2010, Geim and Novoselov were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.