For more than a thousand years, the Tuareg have been a people of the deserts rather than of nations.
Their home is the Sahara, an expanse of sand so vast that the Tuareg refer to it in the plural, calling it Tinariwen.
They can be found in significant numbers in at least seven countries, including Niger, Algeria, Mali, Burkina Faso and Libya, where they have developed a distinctive culture, including languages and music, that is unmistakably their own.
This week, an exhibition opens in London at the Royal Geographical Society, entitled The Tuareg or Kel Tamasheq, and a history of the Sahara.
It is a celebration of a way of life that seems to face constant challenges, especially in Mali where the Tuareg became embroiled in a conflict with extremists and the Mali government, and most recently, in Libya's civil war.
Included in the London exhibition are photographs by Edmond and Suzanne Bernus, respectively a geographer and anthropologist, whose involvement with the Tuareg goes back to the 1950s.
Algerian-born photographer Jean-Marc Darou has a connection with the region that dates back to the 1970s, while the exhibition's curator, Henrietta Butler, is a British photographer who first visited the Tuareg in 2001.
Over the 50-year span of the exhibition's images, the lives of the estimated 1.2 million Tuareg have changed in many ways, Butler says.
Drought, poverty and conflict have meant the herds of animals that once defined their way of life "are numbered in handfuls rather than hundreds".
In Algeria, the Tuareg have increasingly abandoned their nomadic ways "and there has been almost non-stop trouble for over 50 years in Mali".
The conflict in many lands inhabited by the Tuareg has also driven away tourists, one of the mainstays of their income.
"It has hit them very hard," says Butler. "They are not getting the support they once did."
"We tend to see these people as exotic and to be marvelled at, but from their point of view, this is a way of life – and they would like to hang on to it."
• The Tuareg or Kel Tamasheq, and a history of the Sahara runs from June 2 to June 20 at the Royal Geographical Society London. For more details, visit www.tuaregtime.co.uk
COMPANY%20PROFILE
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COMPANY PROFILE
Founders: Alhaan Ahmed, Alyina Ahmed and Maximo Tettamanzi
Total funding: Self funded
Emergency
Director: Kangana Ranaut
Stars: Kangana Ranaut, Anupam Kher, Shreyas Talpade, Milind Soman, Mahima Chaudhry
Rating: 2/5
The%20specs
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BUNDESLIGA FIXTURES
Friday (UAE kick-off times)
Cologne v Hoffenheim (11.30pm)
Saturday
Hertha Berlin v RB Leipzig (6.30pm)
Schalke v Fortuna Dusseldof (6.30pm)
Mainz v Union Berlin (6.30pm)
Paderborn v Augsburg (6.30pm)
Bayern Munich v Borussia Dortmund (9.30pm)
Sunday
Borussia Monchengladbach v Werder Bremen (4.30pm)
Wolfsburg v Bayer Leverkusen (6.30pm)
SC Freiburg v Eintracht Frankfurt (9on)
FA CUP FINAL
Manchester City 6
(D Silva 26', Sterling 38', 81', 87', De Bruyne 61', Jesus 68')
Watford 0
Man of the match: Bernardo Silva (Manchester City)
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COMPANY PROFILE
Name: Almnssa
Started: August 2020
Founder: Areej Selmi
Based: Gaza
Sectors: Internet, e-commerce
Investments: Grants/private funding
Game Changer
Director: Shankar
Stars: Ram Charan, Kiara Advani, Anjali, S J Suryah, Jayaram
Rating: 2/5
UAE v Gibraltar
What: International friendly
When: 7pm kick off
Where: Rugby Park, Dubai Sports City
Admission: Free
Online: The match will be broadcast live on Dubai Exiles’ Facebook page
UAE squad: Lucas Waddington (Dubai Exiles), Gio Fourie (Exiles), Craig Nutt (Abu Dhabi Harlequins), Phil Brady (Harlequins), Daniel Perry (Dubai Hurricanes), Esekaia Dranibota (Harlequins), Matt Mills (Exiles), Jaen Botes (Exiles), Kristian Stinson (Exiles), Murray Reason (Abu Dhabi Saracens), Dave Knight (Hurricanes), Ross Samson (Jebel Ali Dragons), DuRandt Gerber (Exiles), Saki Naisau (Dragons), Andrew Powell (Hurricanes), Emosi Vacanau (Harlequins), Niko Volavola (Dragons), Matt Richards (Dragons), Luke Stevenson (Harlequins), Josh Ives (Dubai Sports City Eagles), Sean Stevens (Saracens), Thinus Steyn (Exiles)
Company%20profile
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RESULT
Bayern Munich 3 Chelsea 2
Bayern: Rafinha (6'), Muller (12', 27')
Chelsea: Alonso (45' 3), Batshuayi (85')
The permutations for UAE going to the 2018 World Cup finals
To qualify automatically
UAE must beat Iraq.
Australia must lose in Japan and at home to Thailand, with their losing margins and the UAE's winning margin over Iraq being enough to overturn a goal difference gap of eight.
Saudi Arabia must lose to Japan, with their losing margin and the UAE's winning margin over Iraq being enough to overturn a goal difference gap of eight.
To finish third and go into a play-off with the other third-placed AFC side for a chance to reach the inter-confederation play-off match
UAE must beat Iraq.
Saudi Arabia must lose to Japan, with their losing margin and the UAE's winning margin over Iraq being enough to overturn a goal difference gap of eight.